Complement Fixation Tests

Less is known about the serological-clinical relationship in aspergillosis than other mycosis. A CF titer of 1:8 or greater is strong suggestion of Aspergillus infection or allergy. However, for a definitive diagnosis, the organism must be repeatedly demonstrated by culturing or microscopy.

Approximately 5% of the “normal” population have circulating antibodies against Aspergillus. Insufficient data is available for a statement regarding cross-reactions between Aspergillus and other fungi. For more complete serologic testing, immunodiffusion tests should be performed in parallel with the CF tests.

Immunodiffusion Tests

There are three forms of aspergillosis:  invasive aspergillosis (IA), allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA), and aspergilloma. The ID test is very helpful in the diagnosis of ABPA and aspergilloma, the two forms of aspergillosis observed in immunocompetent individuals where infection can be correlated with a rise in specific antibodies. Precipitins can be found in >90% of patients with aspergilloma and in 70% of patients with ABPA. In contrast to immunocompetent hosts, growth of Aspergillus in the tissues of an immunosuppressed host does not correlate with an increase in anti-Aspergillus antibody titers. The parallel use of ID and CF tests and clinical data is an effective means for specific diagnosis of aspergillosis.

Immunodiffusion Plates

Complement Fixation (CF)

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Immunodiffusion (ID)

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